Components of the Exterior:
Canada has taken on the task of designing the Robotic arm to both the Space Shuttle and
the ISS. This robotic system plays a key role in space station assembly and maintenance:
moving equipment and supplies around the station, supporting astronauts working in
space, and servicing instruments and other payloads attached to the space station.
Full Article of Canadarm 2
Specs of Canadarm 2
The Columbus Laboratory Module is a 23 foot long by 15 foot wide research facility permanently attached to the station. Inside there are 10 experiment racks about the size of phone booths. Thousands of experiments will be conducted in here based on life sciences, materials sciences, fluid physics and other research in a weightless environment not possible on Earth. In addition, the station crew can conduct experiments outside the module within the vacuum of space, thanks to four exterior mounting platforms that can accommodate external payloads. With a clear view of Earth and the vastness of space, external experiments can run the gamut from the microscopic world of bacteria to the limitlessness of space. The first two experiment packages will fly to the station on the shuttle with the module.
Full Article of Columbus Module



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The S0 Space Truss
Interactive Truss Assembly Diagram
The ISS structure is composed of a network of assembled trusses. The "junction" truss or the central truss is the S0 component. It links both the S series trusses and P series trusses together creating a posterior and starboard directionality to the station. With utilities being stored within this truss (such as power, data, thermal systems, connection systems), it becomes the brain to the rest of the integrated trusses. A robotic arm is attached to this truss giving it the ability to work in space.
Both the S and P series trusses contain thermal control panels and solar arrays for collecting power. Modules plug into the integrated truss system to link the station together.
Full Article on the Integrated Truss System
Photographs of the Integrated Truss System:

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Timeline of Stations Prior to the ISS
CNN Article on the History of Space Stations
Summary of article:
-NASA has reported the first proposal for a space station was in 1869 by a science fiction writer. The writer's name was unmentioned, but they described a "brick moon" orbiting the Earth to aid ships in navigating the ocean.
-In 1923, Romanian Hermann Oberth was the first to use the term "space station" for his wheel-like facility that would help launch astronauts to the moon and Mars.
-In 1971, the Russians Salyut 1 was the first station launched in space. First crew to board the ship on a seperate launch failed to enter the ship due to their inability to open the hatch. The second crew was able to enter but died after an airleak appeared.
-The Russians over the next decade sent up many more Salyut stations which taught scientist if sustaining human life in space for a long period of time was possible. Although travel in a space ship created uncomfortable effects after 16 days, the space station could overcome this unpleasant effect if it gained artificial gravity. In essence, stations in space could take on the goal as making space life more luxurious.
-In 1973, just two years after the launch of the Salyut1, the U.S. got involved and launched their own station called Skylab. Skylab only remained active for a year before it was abandoned and came crashing down into an Australian Desert killing a cow.
-It seemed while the U.S. focused on shorterm missions, the Russians dedicated time to finding out ways to extend human life duration in space.
-1986 the first module to the MIR station was launched. It was able to keep cosmonaut Valery Polyakov up in space for a record of 438 days.
-By 1999 the MIR station was retired.
Salyut 6 info

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